home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
-
-
- Recommendation X.4
- GENERAL STRUCTURE OF SIGNALS OF INTERNATIONAL ALPHABET No. 5 CODE
- FOR CHARACTER ORIENTED DATA TRANSMISSION OVER PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS1)
- (Geneva, 1976; amended at Geneva, 1980 and Melbourne, 1988)
- The CCITT,
- I considering, firstly,
- the agreement between the International Organization for Standardization
- (ISO) and the CCITT on the main characteristics of a seven-unit alphabet
- (International Alphabet No. 5) to be used for data transmission and for
- telecommunications requirements that cannot be met by the existing five-unit
- International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2;
- the interest, both to the users and to the telecommunication services, of
- an agreement concerning the chronological order of transmission of bits in serial
- working;
- recommends
- that the agreed rank number of the unit in the alphabetical table of
- combinations should correspond to the chronological order of transmission in
- serial working on telecommunication circuits;
- that, when this rank in the combination represents the order of the bit in
- binary numbering, the bits should be transmitted in serial working with the low
- order bit first;
- that the numerical meaning corresponding to each information unit
- considered in isolation is that of the digit:
- 0 for a unit c to condition A (travail =
- space), and
- 1 for a unit corresponding to condition Z
- (repos = mark),
- in accordance with the definitions of these conditions for a
- two-condition transmission system;
- II considering, moreover,
- that it is often desirable, in character oriented data and messages
- transmission, to add an extra "parity" unit to allow for the detection of errors
- in received signals;
- the possibility offered by this addition for the detection of faults in
- terminal equipment;
- the need to reserve the possibility of making this addition during the
- transmission itself, after the seven information units proper have been sent;
- recommends
- that signals of International Alphabet No. 5 code for data and messages
- transmission should in general include an additional "parity" unit;
- that the rank of this unit and, hence, the chronological order of the
- transmission in serial working should be the eighth of the combination thus
- completed;
- III considering
- that, in start-stop systems working with electromechanical equipment, the
- margin of such equipment and the reliability of the connection are considerably
- increased by the use of a stop element corresponding to the duration of two-unit
- intervals of the modulation;
- that for start-stop systems using International Alphabet No. 5 at
- modulation rates of 200 and 300 bauds, Recommendations X.1 and S.31 specify that
- transmit devices should use a stop element lasting at least two units;
- that the previously expressed preference for a two-unit stop element
- arises from a transmission point of view where anisochronous public data networks
- are concerned;
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- 1) See Recommendation V.4 for data transmission over public telephone networks.
-
-
-
- Fascicle VIII.2 - Rec. X.4 PAGE1
-
- recommends
- that in start-stop systems using combinations of International Alphabet
- No. 5 normally followed by a parity unit, the first information unit of the
- transmitted combination should be preceded by a start element corresponding to
- condition A (space);
- that the duration of this start element should be a one-unit interval for
- the modulation rate under consideration, at transmitter output;
- that the combination of seven information units, normally completed by its
- parity unit, should be followed by a stop element corresponding to condition Z
- (mark);
- that for public anisochronous data networks, data terminal equipment using
- International Alphabet No. 5 should comply with Recommendations X.1 and S.31 and
- use a stop element lasting at least two units;
- that the start-stop receivers should be capable of correctly receiving
- start-stop signals from a source which appears to have a nominal cycle of 10
- units (i.e., with a nominal one-unit stop element). However, for certain
- electromechanical equipment the receivers may only be capable of correctly
- receiving signals when the stop element is not reduced below one unit (even in
- the presence of distortion);
- IV considering, finally,
- that the direction of the parity unit can only be that of the even parity
- on the perforated tapes, particularly owing to the possibility of deletion
- (combination 7/15 of the alphabet) which causes a hole to appear in all tracks;
- that, on the other hand, the odd parity is considered essential in the
- equipment which depends on transitions in the signals to maintain synchronism [in
- cases where combination 1/6 (SYNC) of the alphabet does not permit an economical
- solution];
- recommends
- that the parity unit of the signal should correspond to the even parity in
- links or connections operated on the principle of the start-stop system;
- that this parity should be odd on links or connections using end-to-end
- character oriented synchronous operation;
- that arrangements should be made when necessary to reverse the direction
- of the parity unit at the input and output of the synchronous equipment connected
- either to apparatus working on the start-stop principle or receiving characters
- on perforated tape;
- that the detection of a character out-of-parity may be represented by:
- a) a reverse question mark graphic character or a representation of the
- capital letter SB (see ISO 2047) provided that this letter occupies a
- single character position on a screen or printer, and which could have
- been entered by a single key stroke. It is recognized that it may be
- difficult to achieve a legible "SB" character from some matrix printers
- or displays where the characters are printed; or
- b) a recording of the 1/10 (SUB) character in the tape or other storage
- medium, where provided.
- Where a SUB character occurs in a received transmisson, or is presented to
- a DTE via a storage medium, e.g. paper tape, then the reaction should be as in a)
- and b) above.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PAGE2 Fascicle VIII.2 - Rec. X.4
-
-